Showing posts with label #aagenealogy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #aagenealogy. Show all posts

Monday, February 20, 2017

U.S. History As Told Through the Eyes of an African American Ancestor


Cover image of Heart and Soul from the website of Eso Won Books.
In celebration of African American History Month, I present you with an opportunity to support black owned businesses and a review of a U.S. History book for children entitled: Heart and Soul- The Story of America and African Americans by Kadir Nelson.

For me, genealogy is the history of all of the people not just the rich and famous. Each of these individual stories must be aggregated to have a comprehensive understanding of U.S. history.  Mr. Nelson seems to agree by telling the "Story of America" through the eyes of a one-hundred year old African American woman whose family history is closely tied to the history of America.  The author uses the voices of people from his own family history like his grandmother, his mother, his aunts and uncles to create his narrator.

Mr. Nelson "wanted to hear the story of America as if it were just that, a story, so the narrator speaks to readers as if she were their grandmother.  It makes this incredibly expansive history very intimate...I first thought of my own family and began interviewing some to the eldest members who had lived through key moments in history.  I heard stories about the last slaves in my family and my great-great-grandmother who was a member of the Seminole Nation...Through the memories of my elders, the American story unfolded right before my eyes"

I emphatically agree with the author's statement!  I found his approach to be inspirational to me as a genealogist and a family story teller.

We acquired our copy of Heart and Soul on a recent visit to Los Angeles when we visited a bookstore in Leimert Park called Eso Won Books.  Here is how the store is described on their website:
We are an independent African-American bookstore in Los Angeles, California and have been serving this community since 1987. We carry an enormous collection of titles by and about the world in which black people exist. When you're in the Los Angeles area be sure you stop by. If you can't make it to the city we are more than happy to meet your book needs online.
We were immediately drawn to the children's section of Eso Won and found an abundance of titles appropriate for young readers including Heart and Soul by Kadir Nelson.  Mr. Nelson is both the writer and the illustrator of this award winning book.  One of his biggest challenges in producing this paperback was the sheer number of paintings that he had to create to tell the story.  The final tally was almost fifty paintings.

Chapter1 is entitled: Declarations of Independence and it begins by describing the artwork in the U.S Capitol. 
"The paintings tell the story of how America came to be. Strange though . . . nary a black face in all those pretty pictures.  There's plenty of white folks and a few Indians here and there, but none of us.  It's as if we never existed--stricken from the record, like Moses from the walls of Egypt. Of course, those fancy paintings ain't telling the truth."
Reading this book to yourself or your children or your grandchildren is an excellent way to begin to fill in the voids of our collective history of America which can be called the American "Ancestor Puzzle." Clearly we are missing many of the pieces of the puzzle which we need to give us a complete rendering of the true image.  The artwork and the stories in this book need to be added to the American historical iconography.

A section of the book that I found most intriguing was Chapter 10: Black Innovation.  In the voice of the female narrator, Mr. Nelson opens the chapter as follows:
"You may have heard folks say that black people invented shoes. But, chile, that is not true. Everybody invented shoes.  But it is true that in the 1880s a black man named Ernst Matzeliger invented a machine that made the process of making shoes a lot cheaper and faster. Matzeliger is one of many black folks whose ideas have made the lives of everyone in the world a lot better...Have you ever used an ironing board? Sat in a folding chair? Used a dustpan? Ridden in a convertible or on a horse saddle? Read an almanac? Used a fountain pen that did not require dipping into an inkwell? Sat at a traffic light? Seen a gas mask? Used a golf tee? Turned on an electric lightbulb? Eaten food delivered by a truck? Used an ice cream scooper? Gone to a blood bank? Used a batting helmet or shin guards, or enjoyed potato chips? I'll bet you have.  Most people don't know that all of these thing were invented by or improved by black folks."
I hope that this book is an inspiration to parents and children to explore the lives of these Black Innovators in greater depth.  This chapter on innovation will help you to learn the origin of the term the "real McCoy."

Our favorite illustration in the book is found on page 36 and is entitled Freedom Quilt but there are dozens more images that I recommend that you explore:

Freedom Quilt by Kadir Nelson
The artwork of Kadir Nelson is  available for sale at Hearne Fine Art Gallery at the following link: http://www.hearnefineart.com/kadir-nelson which is the source of this image. The website of Kadir Nelson has dozens more of his iconic images: http://www.kadirnelson.com/gallery which are also available for purchase.  The book is a bargain at $8.99, supports the Common Core State Standards and is highly recommended to my readers.

Monday, September 19, 2016

Orphans of Freedmen in Apprentice Records 1866 Jefferson County, Mississippi

"Mississippi Probate Records, 1781-1930," images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1961-30945-427-6?cc=2036959 : 21 May 2014), Jefferson > Minutes 1862-1870 > image 184 of 440; county courthouses and public libraries, Mississippi.


My friend and colleague, Annette Bowen found some interesting documents that tell a story of African American children being apprenticed within months of emancipation.  Here is her note to me.

Nick,
I was looking through Jefferson County Mississippi Probate Court Minutes for the year 1866 and stumbled upon numerous items referring to apprenticing children.  Many of the applications gave the age and birthday.  Most of the children seemed to be "freedmen" so I assume they were children of slaves, newly freed.  Most said they were orphans but a few said their mothers had given approval.  Some specified that they would learn a trade like blacksmith, but most didn't.  Girls were apprenticed to age 18 and boys until age 21.  I don't remember seeing these before and thought you might be interested.  
Annette 
Indeed I am interested!  Thank you Annette!

Here is one of the URLs that have apprenticeships. You need to be signed in to Family Search for the links to work.

The above URL is in regard to the matter of the apprenticeship of Leonard Hamilton and John W. Martin, Orphans of Freedmen. Here are some key excerpts of the record:

Leonard Hamilton was aged sixteen years on the 31st day of December A.D. 1866 and John W. Martin aged thirteen years on the 31st day of December 1866.    
[Since the day is the same, this does not appear to be a birthday rather it is a statement of their age at the time of apprenticeship.]
H. B. McClure will teach or cause to be taught to each of the said orphans the Blacksmith's trade and that he will at the expiration of terms of Apprenticeship pay to the said Leonard the sum of one hundred dollars and the said John W. the sum of two hundred dollars and pay to each the sum of twenty dollars per year

Matilda Wilkes is also mentioned as the orphan of Freedmen on the same page.

Attempts to locate Leonard Hamilton born about 1850 in Jefferson County, Mississippi in the 1870 census using full name, last name only and first name only were unsuccessful.

Attempts to locate John W. Martin born about 1853 in Jefferson County, Mississippi in the 1870 census using full name, last name only and first name only were also unsuccessful.

H. B. McClure was also not found in Jefferson County, Mississippi in 1870.  But I did find a blacksmith named James McClure in the 1870 census and on FindaGrave.com:

Birth: May 28, 1822
Death: Nov. 17, 1891
Buried: Fayette Cemetery, Jefferson County Mississippi
Find A Grave Memorial# 46624479
Home in 1870: Township 9, Jefferson, Mississippi
Ancestry.com Image: 29 of 119

He had apprentices residing with him in 1870 but they were all white.


The above URL mentions the following persons:

Anna Darden to apprentice:

Patsy Bell, 12 years old
Henry Bell, 9 years old
Caroline [no last name] 12 years old

Anna Darden was found in the 1870 census of Jefferson County, Mississippi but the young black people that were listed near her did not have names in the census.
The above URL mentions the following persons:

Mrs. H.M. Griffin to apprentice:
Delia Griffing born Nov 12, 1852
Rose Griffing born June 3, 1858
Addison Griffing born May 29, 1856
Ann Harrison born July 17 1853
Harry Harrison born May 28 1857

Mrs. H.M. Griffing was  found in the 1870 census as follows:

Name: [Mrs.] H M Griffing
Age in 1870: 53
Birth Year: abt 1817
Birthplace: Mississippi
Home in 1870:  Township 9, Jefferson, Mississippi
Race: White
Gender: Female
Post Office: Fayette
Value of real estate: View image
Household Members:
Name Age
John J Griffing 62
H M Griffing 53
Jacob Herring 26
Anna Herring 17

There were several black families listed near the Griffings and the Herrings.  The similarity of the names Herring and Harrington are notable.

There is an eighteen year old black male named Addison Bruin? on line 27 of the previous page of the census.

I have heard of this apprenticeship process occurring in other localities.  This could be a great opportunity to uncover more buried records on African Americans in the reconstruction period.


Monday, May 2, 2016

Slaves Named in the 1861 Divorce of John H. Crisp and Mary R. Bowles

This article is a continuation from last week of the slaves named in the 1861 divorce of John H. Crisp and Mary R. Bowles, widow of Green Berry Bowles. The names of these slaves were transcribed by Annette Bowen, one my colleagues in the Bay Area Genealogical Society of Houston, Texas.

Slaves belonging to Mary R. Crisp at the date of her marriage with John H. Crisp (3 Sept. 1851) and of their increase since that date
Taken from Exhibit A, in a suit in District Chancery Court at Holly Springs, Mississippi at the January Term 1855
Jim aged about 70 years
Hal aged about 70 years
Maria                    65
Jordan                  28
Albert                   19
Isabel                    45
Lem                       41
Jinney                   41
Hartwell               19
Cela                       21
Jack                        17
Leatta                   16
Pegues                 13
Sarah                     11
Granville              8
Dred                      6
Lewis                     4
George                 30
Dilly                        30
Clara                      14
Frances                   about 12
Betsy                     11
Ephraim               65
Tabby                    45
Jo                            21
Jerry                      29
Martha                 29
William                 30
Harriet                  19
Taylor                    24
Eliza                       25
Mary                     4
Albert                   22
Arun                      25
Albert                   37
Nancy                   28
Clara                      7
Patsy                     5
Laura                     28
Leonidas about 6
Jim (Jane?)         17
George                 17
Tom                       14
Watt aged about 13
Davy                      18
Frank                     28
Slaves born since the marriage
Henry aged about 1 year
Rufus                    2
Maria                    3 months
Stanfield              3 months
Nelly                      2
Archy                    2
Jerry                      1
Ellen                      2
James                   1
Ephraim               2
Ellen                      1
John                      2
Peterson             7 months
Adelaide              1 year
In all Sixty one slaves (Note: apparently one name was left off of this list, which was a certified copy.]

Mary Robert Harwell Bowles was the widow of Green Berry Bowles who was a physician, having attended medical school at Yale in 1821 and graduating from the Medical School of Maine at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, in 1822. Children of Green Berry Bowles and his wife Mary R. Harwell are:

  1. James R. Bowles, born 1827 in Virginia; died 1876, buried in St. Peters Cemetery, Oxford, Mississippi married Martha Anne Ragsdale, 22 December 1847, in Monroe County, Mississippi
  2. Mary Ann Bowles, born 1833 in Virginia, died between 1860 and 1870 married Dr. Paul H. Otey, 19 March 1847, in Nashville, Tennessee
  3. Timoxena Bowles, born 3 April 1835, in Hardeman County, Tennessee, died 13 September 1912 in Florida married DeWitt Clinton Herndon, 6 June 1854, in Lafayette County, Mississippi
  4. Catharine Theresa Bowles, born 10 August 1837, in Lafayette County, Mississippi; died 13 May 1887 in Jackson, Mississippi, buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Jackson, Mississippi married William Dunbar Holder, 6 June 1854, a double wedding with her sister Timoxena at the Bowles home in Lafayette County, Mississippi
  5. Andrew Jackson Bowles, born July 1839, in Lafayette County, Mississippi; died 7 August 1912, in Rains County, Texas married (1) Mary Jane Moore, 15 June 1864, in Monroe County, Mississippi married (2) Elizabeth Bloom, 13 March 1889, in Rains County, Texas
  6. Green Etheldred Bowles, born 3 December 1841, in Lafayette County, Mississippi; died 4 January 1844, buried in Bowles Cemetery, Lafayette County, Mississippi
  7. Rufus Oscar Bowles, born 13 June 1843, in Lafayette County, Mississippi; died 13 January 1844, buried in Bowles Cemetery, Lafayette County, Mississippi
  8. Green Berry Bowles, Jr., born February 1846, in Lafayette County, Mississippi; died 12 October 1924, in Austin, Travis County, Texas married Florence Yates
Annette has published more Bowles family history online here: 

The first child above, James R. Bowles received the transfer of these slaves from John H. Crisp during the divorce and then transferred them back to his mother who had returned to Lafayette County, Mississippi during the process of her divorce from John H. Crisp.  Here is how Annette told the story to me: 

She left Dr. Crisp and moved back to her plantation home in Mississippi in December 1854.  Mary sued Dr. Crisp to recover her dower in a law suit in Marshall County, Mississippi, referenced in the divorce.  Apparently Dr. Crisp transferred all the property which he had acquired by marriage to Mary's oldest son, James R. Bowles, and James immediately transferred it to his mother.  They agreed that neither would be responsible for the debts of the other.  

So it appears that these slaves were probably emancipated in Lafayette County, Mississippi. Searching for blacks named Bowles in the 1870 census of Lafayette County, Mississippi we found 62 people with that name.  There were seven more persons named Bowles identified as mulatto.  There were no former slaves named Crisp in Lafayette County in 1870.

Annette Bowen has published a list of more slaves in the division of slaves in the estate of  Dr. Green Berry Bowles here:

http://msgw.org/lafayette/cemeteries/bowles_plantation/slavedivisiongbbowles.html

 Additional information was found describing the Bowles Plantations here:
http://msgw.org/lafayette/lafayette_co_plantations.html

The original BOWLES PLANTATION which was divided between the children at time of the father, James E. BOWLES death [WILL proven in Nov term of Court in 1840] was abt. 1280 acres, [Section 6, Township 8S , R 2W and Section 12, T. 8 S R. 3 W. on both sides of the Old Woodson Ridge Road now known as C. R. 215. His son, Green Berry Bowles Plantation was between Graham Mill creek and Cambridge Church with abt 4500 acres. Green Boles Sr.'s Plantation was northeast Quality Ridge now known as Woodson Ridge as well as some property near College Hill. 


In the Mississippi Wills and Probate Collection at Ancestry.com there is a probate for Mary R. Bowles that was administered by her oldest son, James R. Bowles.  Here land is described lying in Lafayette County, Mississippi as 450 acres of Section 29, Township 7, Range 2 including the northern portion of the section and the SW 1/4 of Section 20, T. 7, R. 2.  Her estate was insufficient to pay her debts and was declared insolvent.
Name: Mary R Bowles
Probate Place: Lafayette, Mississippi, USA
Inferred Death Place: Mississippi, USA
Case Number: 1030
Item Description: Chancery Court Minutes, Case File 1016-1066, 1866; 19 images

Further searching of Mississippi Wills and Probate Collection at Ancestry.com found another slave list in the probate for Green B. Bowles Sr.

Name: Green B Bowles Sr

Probate Date: 1848
Probate Place: Lafayette, Mississippi, USA
Inferred Death Year: Abt 1848
Inferred Death Place: Mississippi, USA
Item Description: Chancery Court Minutes, Case File 285-348, 1847-1848
Image 1043 of 1133

Additional slaves in the estate of Green B. Bowles from his probate on file at Ancestry.com

 This is a great example of the gold that is buried in the new Ancestry.com Probate collection.  This list appears to be an update to an earlier list showing additional slaves that have been born and some that have died since 1846.  This list is especially useful as it includes the names of the mothers and the dates of birth.

Hugh M. Lee, guardian of the minor heirs of Green B. Bowles dec'd. reports the following list of births and death of negroes belonging to said:
Births                                      Deaths
Minneys Child Green Born 1847-died March 1848
do       do   Mariah do Feby 1848
Mary Overtons [sp?] child Sarah Born Jun 1849
Prissilla child Marthaann Born August 1848
Charlotts child Mary Ann Born Oct 1849
Fanny Bowles child Jersy [sp?] Born 1847-died May 1848
 do    do     do John Born June 1848-died July 1849
Elizabeth child Josephine Born Feby 1849
Amanda's child James Born July 1849- died August 1849
 do       do   Milton Born July 1849
Silvie's child Jas. Polk Born 1846-died April 1849
 do       do   Clarissa Born April 1849
Bose child Georgiana Born April 1849
Louisa child Dread Born Oct 1849
Benson's child Green Born March 1848
Lucy's child George Born Decm 1848-died July 1849

The list goes on to describe mules and horses by name acquired or died in the intervening period.  It is also heartbreaking to note that of the 16 children born, 6 of them had died young.

Hopefully someone will be able to use these lists to solve their "Ancestor Puzzle."